Introduction
The increasing use of algorithms in managing work tasks, such as organizing, supervising, and evaluating employees, is introducing new risks to workers’ safety and health. These risks can be both physical and mental.
The Global Report on Safety and Health at Work
International Labour Organization (ILO) published the report titled “Global Revolution in Occupational Safety and Health: The Role of AI and Digitalization at Work” highlighting that algorithmic management can negatively impact ergonomic, psychosocial aspects, and even worker safety.
Physical Risks
The report explains that sedentary nature of algorithm-managed tasks, particularly in office roles, increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorders like back and neck pain. Moreover, it can affect mental health, job satisfaction, and overall well-being.
Increased Workload and Time Pressure
Algorithmic management can augment workload and time pressure by setting real-time goals and recommendations, pushing workers to work faster and longer.
For instance, in a call center setting, algorithms might assign more calls to efficient operators based solely on quick response times, leading to increased workload for those profiles.
Expert Opinions
Rubén Balbuena, an external consultant for ILO, acknowledges that while algorithmic management offers numerous opportunities, it also presents certain risks that need to be considered.
“This technology can pose some risks related to workers’ safety, including ergonomic and psychosocial aspects. The key is to find ways to address these risks to ensure workers’ safety, health, and well-being,” he explains.
Balbuena further elaborates that algorithmic management integrates known technologies like big data, AI with machine learning, and geolocation – all of which are employed when requesting a taxi via an app or ordering food through one.
“Algorithmic management is about making decisions without the need for a physical supervisor constantly overseeing what you do, how you do it, and what you don’t do,” he clarifies.
Deshumanizing Work Environment
Jorge Gutiérrez Siles, senior consultant at Kaysa Salud y Bienestar, points out that one of the main threats he identifies with algorithm usage is dehumanization.
“When decisions are made by a system, it can lead to negative impacts on workers. This could result in a work environment where employees interact with an algorithm instead of a human supervisor, fostering a culture of loneliness and dehumanization,” he warns.
Gutiérrez Siles emphasizes the importance of educating employees about algorithm functioning to avoid increased psychosocial risks, which could lead to higher stress levels and negative health impacts.
Risks to Consider
Social Isolation and Lack of Control
Balbuena expresses concern over social isolation and lack of control that algorithmic management can create among employees.
“Social isolation can lead to decreased productivity as workers feel lonely, unsupported, disconnected, and lack communication, resulting in job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, presenteeism, and reduced company performance,” he advises.
Psychosocial Risks
Gutiérrez Siles identifies psychosocial risks in algorithmic management linked to lack of work control or system evaluations, which heighten employee expectations.
“An inappropriate algorithm can create high demands and low control over work, ensuring a safe route to elevated job stress. Additionally, constant monitoring can lead to a feeling of digital hypervigilance,” he highlights.
