Background on Key Figures and Context
The National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) of India has reduced the water flow in the Chenab River by 90%. This river originates from the Himalayan region and supplies water to Pakistan, marking a significant escalation in bilateral tensions between the two countries.
The Chenab River is one of the major tributaries of the Indus River system, which is shared by India and Pakistan. The NHPC’s decision to reduce water flow stems from maintenance work at the Baglihar hydroelectric dam, including dredging operations to increase water storage capacity.
India and Pakistan have a long-standing dispute over the Kashmir region, which began in 1947. The two nations have fought three wars since their independence from Britain, including two over Kashmir. A brief but intense military conflict occurred in 1999, and a fragile truce has been maintained since 2003.
India’s Actions and Their Impact
- Water Reduction: The NHPC has reduced the Chenab River’s water flow by 90% due to maintenance work at the Baglihar dam.
- Planned Maintenance: Similar maintenance operations are planned for the Kishanganga dam, which will further impact water flow.
- Suspension of Trade: India announced the suspension of imports from Pakistan and prohibited bilateral maritime trade.
- Armed Encounters: India claims there have been armed confrontations along the Line of Control and border during ten consecutive nights, to which they responded “proportionally.”
Pakistan’s Response and Concerns
In response to India’s actions, Pakistan’s National Security Committee has warned that any diversion or blockage of water reaching Pakistan from Indian-controlled territory will be considered an “act of war.”
- Security Committee Warning: Pakistan’s National Security Committee has issued a stern warning regarding water diversion or blockage.
- Missile Tests: Pakistan conducted missile tests on Saturday and again on Monday, demonstrating their military capabilities.
- Defense Minister’s Statement: Pakistan’s Defense Minister, Jawed Asif, threatened to attack any infrastructure built on the Indus River that violates the Indus Water Treaty.
Historical Context and Ongoing Disputes
The dispute over the Kashmir region has been ongoing since 1947, with India and Pakistan fighting three wars over the territory. The Indus Water Treaty, signed in 1960, aimed to manage the shared rivers between the two nations. However, recent tensions have led India to suspend this treaty, further escalating the situation.
