Understanding Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) and Its Impact
Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a progressive, chronic, and potentially fatal disease characterized by an abnormal increase in pressure within the pulmonary arteries. This condition directly affects the heart and lungs, potentially leading to heart failure and, in many cases, death. Dr. Nayeli Zayas Hernández, head of the Cardio-Pulmonary Department at the National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez,” explains that PH can affect individuals of any age, race, or gender, though it is twice as common in women and typically presents between the ages of 20 and 40. It can be linked to autoimmune diseases, congenital conditions, infections like HIV, or even certain medications.
The Hidden Burden of Pulmonary Hypertension
PH is often misunderstood and mistaken for other respiratory or cardiac diseases, causing delays in identification and worsening the prognosis for those affected. Limited availability of specialists, innovative therapies, and comprehensive care centers further exacerbate the situation. Paula Cabral, president of the Mexican Association for Pulmonary Hypertension (HAP México), emphasizes the critical need for a patient-focused support network to help individuals navigate their long journey with PH.
Global and Mexican Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension
Approximately 25 million people worldwide live with PH, with at least 4,000 individuals in Mexico affected by this condition. The global prevalence ranges from 15 to 50 cases per million inhabitants, though it is believed to be significantly underdiagnosed. Without proper treatment, the average survival rate for a PH patient is only 2.8 years post-diagnosis. However, with appropriate and effective treatment, patients can significantly improve their quality of life and extend their survival.
Patient Experiences and Advocacy
Patients with PH face numerous challenges, including physical barriers caused by the disease, emotional impact, social implications, and economic burdens. Karla Navarrete Galvez, a PH patient, stresses the importance of listening to patients’ voices to transform PH treatment approaches. She highlights that PH not only affects physical capabilities but also alters life entirely due to severe limitations such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain.
Progress in Mexico
In Mexico, growing patient advocacy has led to increased awareness, visibility, and defense of patients’ rights. Innovative medications have also emerged, enabling more effective and personalized therapies. Dr. Zayas Hernández notes that these advancements form a strong foundation for further progress toward comprehensive, equitable, and patient-centered care, establishing integrated and multidisciplinary models nationwide.
Call for Protocol Implementation
During a recent panel, experts and advocates urged authorities, healthcare professionals, and civil society to support the mandatory and effective implementation of the Pulmonary Hypertension Technical Protocol (PH-T) for Pulmonary Hypertension with Thromboembolic Chronic (HPTEPC), published by the General Health Council. This protocol outlines clear guidelines for comprehensive and timely treatment, aligning with international standards.
Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Dr. Zayas Hernández emphasizes that implementing the PH-T protocol within healthcare institutions will improve access to early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment. This approach includes innovative medications for more effective and personalized therapies, as well as strengthening support networks and specialized care centers. She underscores the necessity of actively involving patients and caregivers in health-related decisions, as PH does not wait—early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can be life-saving.
Key Questions and Answers
- What is Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)? PH is a progressive, chronic, and potentially fatal disease characterized by increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, affecting heart and lung function.
- How common is PH? Approximately 25 million people worldwide live with PH, with at least 4,000 individuals in Mexico affected.
- Who is at risk for PH? PH can affect individuals of any age, race, or gender, though it is twice as common in women and typically presents between the ages of 20 and 40.
- What challenges do PH patients face? Patients with PH encounter physical, emotional, social, and economic challenges, including limited access to specialists, innovative therapies, and comprehensive care.
- Why is early diagnosis and treatment crucial for PH? Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve a PH patient’s quality of life and extend their survival.
- What is the Pulmonary Hypertension Technical Protocol (PH-T)? The PH-T is a set of guidelines for comprehensive and timely treatment of PH, aligning with international standards.
