Introduction to Pangolins and the Need for Protection
Pangolins, the world’s only scaly mammals, are facing severe threats due to illegal wildlife trafficking. These small, nocturnal creatures are native to the forests, woodlands, and savannahs of Africa and Asia. Known for their unique appearance, slow movement, peaceful nature, and tendency to curl into a ball when threatened, pangolins are critically endangered.
Who are Pangolins and Why are They Relevant?
Pangolins, or manatees as they are also known, are unique mammals covered in tough keratin scales. There are eight species divided between four genera, with two of those species found in Asia and six in Africa. Their rarity, distinct appearance, and slow lifestyle have made them a target for poachers seeking to exploit their scales for traditional medicine and fashion accessories.
US Action to Combat Illegal Wildlife Trade
On Monday, the United States decided to bolster federal protection for all pangolin species. This move aims to close any U.S. market for their scales, as Sarah Uhlemann, director of the International Program at the Center for Biological Diversity, emphasized: “Pangolins are on the brink of extinction, and we must shut down any U.S. market for their scales. There’s no justifiable reason for anyone to consume any part of a pangolin.”
Existing International Protection Efforts
Pangolins are currently protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which prohibits international trade for commercial purposes. However, exceptions are allowed under specific circumstances.
Persistent Illegal Trafficking
Despite international protection, illegal trafficking continues to pose a significant threat. In April, Nigerian authorities seized nearly four metric tons of illegally traded pangolin scales, equivalent to approximately 2,000 sacrificed animals. In November, Indonesia intercepted another 1.2 metric tons.
US Demand and Interceptions
Data from border officials reveal that between 2016 and 2020, they intercepted 76 shipments of pangolin parts, including scales and products marketed for traditional medicine. This highlights the ongoing demand for pangolin products within the United States.
Key Questions and Answers
- What are pangolins? Pangolins, also known as manatees, are unique mammals covered in tough keratin scales. There are eight species divided between Africa and Asia.
- Why are pangolins threatened? Pangolins face severe threats due to illegal wildlife trafficking, driven by demand for their scales in traditional medicine and fashion.
- What action has the US taken? The United States has decided to strengthen federal protection for all pangolin species, aiming to close any U.S. market for their scales.
- Why is illegal trafficking still a problem? Despite international protection under CITES, illegal trafficking persists due to ongoing demand for pangolin products in countries like the United States, Nigeria, and Indonesia.
