Introduction
In recent years, global grain prices have seen significant increases, both nationally and internationally. This trend is driven by a mix of economic, political, and increasingly climatic factors. In Mexico, a country heavily reliant on imports, these impacts are particularly pronounced.
The Significance of Corn in Mexico
Corn is more than a crop; it’s a symbol of Mexico’s culture and economy. Michoacán, one of the leading states for corn production, is now facing sustainability challenges due to climate change.
Climate Change Effects on Corn Production
Rising temperatures, irregular rainfall patterns, and deteriorating soils threaten not only yields but also the livelihoods of thousands of small farmers.
- Altered Precipitation: More frequent prolonged droughts and intense rainfall events disrupt planting and harvesting schedules, especially for those relying solely on the temporal (seasonal) rains.
- Increased Temperatures: Higher average temperatures cause water stress, reducing photosynthesis, shortening the growing cycle, and decreasing production.
- Nutritional Quality Reduction: Elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels lower protein and essential mineral content in corn, posing additional risks to food security as corn is a staple in the Mexican diet.
- Soil Deterioration: Erosion, loss of organic matter, and soil compaction reduce the land’s ability to support healthy crops, forcing farmers to increase fertilizer use or abandon unproductive plots.
Vulnerability of Small Farmers in Michoacán
Most corn in Michoacán is grown by small-scale farmers with limited access to irrigation, advanced agricultural technology, or competitive financing. This vulnerability exposes them to extreme weather events, leading to substantial losses during severe droughts.
Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies
To address these challenges, it’s crucial to implement solutions that enable adaptation and mitigation of climate change effects. Key actions include modernizing irrigation systems, efficient water management, and adopting sustainable agricultural practices like using biofertilizers.
FIRA’s SUSTENTA+ Program
FIRA has launched a specialized program to support farmers in acquiring products for soil fertility and improvement, known as biofertilizers. This initiative aims to benefit farmers while contributing to environmental preservation.
- Access to Credit: The program channels resources through parafinancieras, enabling farmers to secure loans under favorable conditions and continue their agricultural activities.
- Direct Support for Biofertilizers: Financial assistance for purchasing biofertilizers reduces production costs and strengthens farmers’ resilience against climate change challenges.
Conclusion
The future of corn production in Michoacán remains uncertain, but with public policy support, financial assistance, and sustainable agricultural practices, a more resilient agricultural model can be built. The urgency of this task cannot be overstated, as corn is not just a crop but an integral part of Mexico’s national identity and food security.
