Introduction to Allergic Rhinitis in Mexico
Experts from the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas” have highlighted that allergic rhinitis has become a public health issue in Mexico, affecting 42.5% of the population, primarily men.
Allergic Rhinitis vs. Common Cold
Unlike a common cold or respiratory infection, which typically last less than 10 days and include fever, sore throat, and general malaise, allergic rhinitis symptoms persist longer without high temperatures.
Causes and Seasonality
In some cases, symptoms are seasonal and related to pollination; in others, they’re triggered by agents such as dust, dust mites, pets, cockroaches, fungi or moisture-related mold, environmental pollution, or certain foods.
- In childhood, food allergies like milk or eggs can be triggers.
- During adolescence, symptoms often link to fruits, vegetables, and seeds.
Identification and Treatment
To identify the origin of allergies, INER recommends skin prick tests. The most effective treatment is immunotherapy, which can reduce symptoms by up to 90% through personalized oral, injectable, or tablet vacines targeting specific allergens (dust, beech, grass, etc.). This treatment can provide relief for up to a decade.
Importance of Seeking Professional Help
If symptoms last more than a month, it’s crucial to consult an allergy specialist as untreated allergic rhinitis can worsen, leading to additional issues like snoring, sleep apnea, and concentration difficulties.
It’s worth noting that around 75% of people with asthma also develop allergic rhinitis simultaneously.
Key Questions and Answers
- Q: What is allergic rhinitis? A: Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is an allergic reaction that affects the nasal passages. It’s characterized by symptoms like itchy or runny nose, redness in the eyes, sneezing, and nasal congestion.
- Q: How is allergic rhinitis different from a common cold? A: Unlike colds, allergic rhinitis does not cause fever or body aches. Its symptoms last longer and are not accompanied by high temperatures.
- Q: What causes allergic rhinitis? A: Allergens such as dust, pollen, pet dander, mold, and certain foods can trigger allergic rhinitis.
- Q: How is allergic rhinitis diagnosed? A: Skin prick tests are typically used to identify the specific allergen causing the reaction.
- Q: How is allergic rhinitis treated? A: Immunotherapy, personalized vacines administered orally, injectably, or in tablet form, is often the most effective treatment.
- Q: When should I seek medical help? A: If your symptoms persist for more than a month, consult an allergy specialist to prevent complications like sleep apnea or concentration issues.
